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Commission of the European Communities. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and teh Committee of the Regions. Brussels, 22 November 2007.
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Jonathan Lewis, Clean Air Task Force, October 2007.
In 2003 the EU issued a Directive promoting the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport. The Directive sought/seeks to have biofuels account for 2% of EU transport fuels by 2005, 5.75% by 2010, and in a 2007 addendum, 10% by 2020.
The EU mandate was primarily driven by farm policy, to create new outlets for agricultural and forestry products, and to diversify rural economies. Reduced emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), energy security, and improved environmental impacts were cited as ancillary benefits of the policies. However, due in part to global market forces and economic efficiencies in developing countries, the result is that the Directive has exacerbated some of the very problems it was designed to solve, driving up food prices, leading to increased deforestation in tropical countries, worsening global warming, and increasing imports of bio-oils.
This report from Clean Air Task Force examines these unintended consequences and highlights the need for updated, comprehensive tools to analyze the true net impacts of policies that increase biofuels use.
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Lewis Milford, Clean Energy Group, October 2007. Presentation to the European Climate Platform, Brussels.
ECP Seminar - Strategic Aspects of Technology for the UNFCCC and Climate Change Debate: The post-Bali technology agenda, October 3, 2007.
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Lewis Milford, CEG President and Executive Director, Clean Energy States Alliance, presented "US Public-Private Partnerships for Investing in Renewable Energy - US State Renewable Energy Funds" at the International Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Policy Forum held in Mexico City from February 1-3 2006. The forum is on behalf of the Energy Ministry of Mexico, the Global Environment Facility, The World Bank, and the Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP), and organized in association with the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC).
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By Clean Energy Group and Heinrich Böll Foundation for the Montreal Strategic Climate Change Workshop on Sub-National Strategies for Clean Energy Investment, Technology Deployment and Innovation. December 2005.
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Commissioned by UNEP’s DTIE SEFI, conducted by BASE. December 2005. Contributing author: Allison Schumacher, CEG.
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By Elizabeth Arnold, Federation of Canadian Municipalities. October 4, 2005
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By Barbara Buchner, Fondazione Eni Enrio Mattei and Carlo Carrara, University of Venice, Fondazione Eni Enrio Mattei, CEPR, CEPS, CESifo. October 4, 2005.
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By Klaus Müller, Member of State Parliament adn former Minister for the Environment and Agriculture, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. October 4, 2005.
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By Kurt Waltzer, Clean Air Strategy Coordinator, Ohio Environmental Council. October 4, 2005.
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Pershing, J. and Bradley, R. (2005), “A Climate Solution Concept,” Center for American Progress, Washington, DC.
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Michael Steiner, Department of Economics, University of Graz. August 2004. 44th European Congress of the European Regional Science Association.
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Prepared by the Heinrich Böll Foundation. December 2003. This publication offers a selection of views and experiences of U.S. states and German Länder governments, as well as business leaders and NGO representatives from Germany and the United States, by introducing their renewable energy initiatives, assessing their impact on climate protection, economic growth and employment opportunities, elaborating on the potentials of cooperation, and by exploring participation in the International Conference for Renewable Energy 2004.
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December 2003, Pew Center on Global Climate Change. The report is a compilation of six "think pieces" on core issues in developing an effective international response to global climate change, including "A Long-Term Target: Reframing the Climate Effort," by Jonathan Pershing of the World Resources Institute and Fernando Tudela of El Colegio de México. This particular segment looks at long-term technology investment vis-à-vis climate change policies.
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On October 23, 2003, the Heinrich Böll Foundation, the German Embassy Washington DC and the National Wildlife Federation (NWF) co-hosted an expert roundtable discussion focusing on state initiatives in Germany and the United States, state-to-state cooperation, and the relationship of federal and state levels in promoting renewable energies in both countries. Key questions were approaches taken by states in the United States and Germany to promote renewable energies, experience and lessons learned from existing programs and transatlantic synergies as well as opportunities to move forward with renewable energies on the state level.
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September 2003. CEG, the UK Carbon Trust and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities have established the Low Carbon Technology Alliance as a framework for a dialogue on technology deployment goals, and to bring together the range of international practitioners who are on the leading edge of fielding practical deployment programs in this new area.
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By FCM-CH2M Hill. This collection of best practices profiles municipal actions on renewable energy and other forms of community energy planning and climate protection in Canada.